This course addresses the inseparable connection between warfighting and society.
It provides a survey of the effects of war and military institutions on society in
recent history, primarily in western societies during the two world wars (although
students are encouraged to do research papers within a broader understanding of the
topic, including earlier or later times and other places). It also examins the
Course Objectives
Students will acquire a broad understanding of wartime societies and
military-civilian interaction,especially over the past 150 years.
Topics which we will be discussing in class are the following 16 units:
the role of the military in socializing members
to society
the demographic and economic effects of war on modern societies
the social-psychological effects of wartime (mobilization, shelling, aireal bombardment,
blockade, occupation, etc.)
the social-psychological effects of the threat of war (pending invasion, nuclear or other
crisis)
the role of societal institutions in wartime or in preparation for war
(governments, churches, veterans groups, the military itself)
the public memory of war
(memorials, anniversaries, the use of past wars in political life,
the legacy of civil war).
how the structures of societies and how they change lead to changing
ideas about the planning and conduct of military technology and operations.
Textbooks
For all sections starting any time up until March, 2009, the textbooks are as listed:
Audoin-Rouzeau, Stephane; Becker, Annette: 14-18. Understanding the Great War.
New York, 2000.
Fussell, Paul: Wartime. Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War.
New York and Oxford, 1989.
Gat, Azar: War in Human Civilization. Oxford, 2006.
For later sections of the class, the textbook list is:
Audoin-Rouzeau, Stephane; Becker, Annette: 14-18. Understanding the Great War.
New York, 2000.
Bacevich, Andrew: The New American Militarism. How Americans are seduced by war. Oxford/New York, 2005.
The textbooks and scholarly articles on war and society
we will be reading and discussing cover case studies from the
United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, the Soviet Union and Israel.
Methodology and Assignments
Class Participation
The class centers on a series of thematic units from week to week.
Students will react to the reading and the broad questions posed by
the instructor and discuss the material. Student interaction will be graded on quanitity
and quality - as measured by the extent to which they indicate student understanding,
assimilation and consideration of the material and student responses to each other.
The units include the nature of military history; the armed forces and modern
society; gender; besieged and occupied populations; culture (literature, art,
societal norms); emotional and physical mobilization;
mass death, remembrance and collective mourning; making soldiers,
training and violence.
Research Paper
Students will select a topic relevant to our course that is of
particular interest to them and write a research paper of no fewer than
10 pages (including title page and bibliography page – so at least eight
pages of text). The subject of the paper will take the form of a
question. That is, the basis of the paper is an historical inquiry – not
just a “topic".
You may come up with an idea of your own from any period or war
from the Napoleonic Wars up to the present day on any society. The title of the paper
does not need to take the form of a question, but a research question should become
clear to the reader in the introduction. And the writing in the paper
should be focused on answering that research question. Data and ideas
presented should contribute to the answer and not just fill pages.
I will consult with students about topic ideas and suggest
improvements for any work submitted in advance. Consultation is mandatory. If you
haven’t written a research paper before or have had difficulty doing so,
it is suggested that you consult the “Quigley-Nelson
Guide". Please see my Policy
on Research Papers for more information on my expectations.
Memorial Project
Each student will create public history with a "field" project: Students will make a
comprehensive submission of an original memorial along the lines of those at the
the Sites of Memory webpage.
Students will choose a memorial from near where they live, photograph it, and
analyze it in class based on
this essay
and other readings recommended by the instructor as appropriate.
Students will be encouraged to have their work published online at
the Sites of Memory webpage.
Readings
These readings are recommended for our discussions and student research on their projects.
Some are mandatory for discussions during the class.
Black, Jeremy: Military
Organizations and Military Change in Historical Perspective. The Journal of
Military History, Vol. 62, No. 4, (Oct. 1998), 871-892.
Chambers, John Whiteclay: The New Military History, Myth and Reality.
The Journal of Military History, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Jul 1991), 395-406.
Clark, Christopher: The Wars of Liberation in Prussian Memory:
Reflections on Memorialization of War in Early Nineteenth Century Germany.The
Journal of Modern History, Vol. 68, No. 3, (Sept. 1996), 550-576.
Dawson, Graham; Roper, Michael; Ashplant, T. G: (Eds.) The Politics of War
Memory and Commemorations. Routledge, 2000. (This title is availabe through the
APUS online library.)
Fuller, Leon W.: The War of 1914 as Interpreted
by German Intellectuals, The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 14, No. 2
(June, 1942), 145-160.
Grandstaff, Mark R.: Making the Military American. Advertizing, Reform, and the Demise
of an Antistanding Military Tradition, 1945-1955.
The Journal of Military History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Apr. 1996), 299-393.
Hacker, Barton C.: Engineering
a New Order: Military Institutions, Technical Education, and the Rise of the Industrial
State, Technology and Culture, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Jan, 1993), 1-27.
Kasekamp, Andres:
Radical Right-Wing Movements in the North-East Baltic, Journal of Contemporary History,
Vol. 34, No. 4 (Oct. 1999), 587-600.
Janda, Lance: Shutting the Gates of Mercy: The American Origins of Total War, 1860-1880.
The Journal of Military History, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Jan. 1995), 7-26.
Klang, Daniel: Bavaria and the War of Liberation, 1813-1814, French Historical
Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Spring, 1965), 22-41.
Kohn, Hans: The Eve of German Nationalism (1789-1812),
Journal of History of Ideas, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr. 1951), 256-284.
Lehmann, Hartmut: Pietism and Nationalism: The
Relationship between Protestant Revivalism and National Renewal in Nineteenth-Century Germany. Church History, Vol. 51,
No. 1 (Mar, 1982), 39-53.
Loveland, Anne C.: Character Education in the U.S. Army, 1947-1977. The Journal
of Military History, Vol.64, No. 3 (Jul. 2000), 795-818.
Mosse, George L.: Shell-Shock as a Social Disease. Journal of Contemporary
History, Vol. 35, No. 1, Special Issue: Shell-Shock (Jan. 2000), 101-108.
Olick, Jeffrey K.: Genre Memories and Memory Genres: A Dialogical
Analysis of May 8, 1945. Commemorations in the Federal Republic
of Germany. American Sociological Review, Vol. 64, No. 3
(June 1999), 381-402.
Olick, Jeffrey K.: What Does It Mean to Normalize the past?
Offical Memory in German Politics since 1989. Social Science History, Vol. 22,
No. 4, Special Issue: Memory and the Nation (Winter 1998), 547-571.
Peiser, Douglas: Commemoration of Mutiny, Rebellion, and Resistance in Postwar
Germany: Public Memory, History, and the Formation of Memory Beacons.
The Journal of Military History, Vol. 65, No. 4 (Oct. 2001),
1013-1052.
Posen, Barry R.: Nationalism, the Mass Army and Military Power. International
Security, Vol. 18, No. 2, (Autumn 1993), 80-124.
Regan, Patrick M.: War Toys, War Movies and the Militarization of the United States,
1900-1985. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 31, No. 1 (1994), 45-58.
Shy, John: A Cultural Approach to the History of War. The Journal of
Military History Special Issue: Proceedings of the Symposium on "The History
of War as Part of General History" at the Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton,
New Jersey, (Oct. 1993), 13-26.
Showalter, Dennis E.: Army and Society in Imperial Germany: The Pains of Modernization,
Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 18, No. 4, Military History (Oct. 1983),
583-618.
Showalter, Dennis E.: A Modest Plea for Drums and Trumpets,
Military Affairs, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Apr 1979), 71-74.
Wawro, Geoffrey: An "Army of Pigs": The Technical, Social, and Political Basis of
Austrian Shock Tactics, 1859-1866. The Journal of Military History,
Vol. 59, No. 3 (Jul. 1995), 407-433.
Westerman, Edward B.: "Friend and Helper": German Uniformed Police Operations in Poland
and the General Government, 1939-1941. The Journal of Military History, Vol. 58,
No. 4, (Oct. 1994), 643-664.
Yelton, David K.: British Public Opinion, the Home Guard, and the Defense of Great
Britian, 1940-1944. The Journal of Military History, Vol. 58, No. 3 (Jul. 1994),
461-480.
Various Wars and Conflicts (primarily Russia and USSR)
There are countless summaries of various wars that can be found with a simple
google search. The following webpages have been chosen if they provide original or
documentary material.
http://rkkaww2.armchairgeneral.com/ is
all about the military history of the Red Army in the Great Patriotic War. Lots of maps,
orders of battle, "raw data", images, etc.
Carrothers has a great collection
of World War Two propaganda posters.
Russian Military History
Most of these sites are not terribly scholarly. They are more on the level of "hobby."
There is some useful information here, however, especially on weapons, uniforms and
operations.